Supernumerary Teeth: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study from Palestine

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of supernumerary teeth among patients attending the students' dental clinics at the Faculty of Dentistry of the Arab American University, Jenin, Palestine. Material and Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study of 1970 digital panoramic radiographs of patients, age ranging between 12 and 50 years. The radiographs and dental records were reviewed for supernumerary teeth. For each patient with supernumerary teeth, were recorded the demographic variables, number, location, eruption status, type, and morphology, the developmental stages. Descriptive statistics were performed and results were tabulated. Results: Supernumerary teeth were detected in 17 subjects (0.86%), of which 13 were males and 4 were females with a male to female ratio of 3.25:1. Of the 17 patients, 64.7% had one supernumerary tooth while the others had two. The majority (78.3%) of the supernumeraries were located in the maxilla. Around 56.5% of the supernumeraries found in this study were located in the premaxilla. Half of the supernumeraries (52.2%) were erupted, and 47.8% were impacted. Mesiodens was the most frequently seen supernumerary teeth followed by distomolars and premolars. Most of the supernumeraries were fully developed, while 21.7% displayed only crown formation. Conclusion: The prevalence of supernumerary teeth in the study sample was found to be 0.86% and the most frequent type was mesiodens. Supplemental morphology was found to be the most common form of supernumerary teeth

Kernel estimation of returns of retirement funds of employers based on monetary earnings (subscriptions and compensation) via regression discontinuity in Iraq

Regression Discontinuity (RD) means a study that exposes a definite group to the effect of a treatment. The uniqueness of this design lies in classifying the study population into two groups based on a specific threshold limit or regression point, and this point is determined in advance according to the terms of the study and its requirements. Thus , thinking was focused on finding a solution to the issue of workers retirement and trying to propose a scenario to attract the idea of granting an end-of-service reward to fill the gap ( discontinuity point) if it had not been granted. The regression discontinuity method has been used to study and to estimate the effect of the end -service reward on the cutoff of insured workers as well as the increase in revenues resulting from that. The research has showed that this reward has a clear effect on increasing revenues due to the regularity of workers in their work and their work continuity . It has also found that using Local Linear Smother (LLS) by using three models of bandwidth selection. Its results after the analysis in the Regression program have been as follows: The CCT (Calonico, Cattaneo & Titiunik) beamwidth gives the best performance followed by the local linear regression using the LK (Lembens and kalyanman) beamwidth. The real data has been used in sample size 71 represented in compensation as a variable of effectiveness (illustrative) X and the revenue as a result or an approved variable Y, while the results of the traditional OLS estimation method have not been good enough

Implementation of an Automated Vacuum Elevator System

في السنوات الأخيرة أصبح مَصعَد الفراغ الهوائي هو خِياراً شائعاً في بيوتِنا والبنايات المنخفظة. يمثّل مَصعَد الفراغ الهوائي مَفهوم جَديد مُطوّر عن فِكرة استبدال الهواء المضغوط بالهواء المُفرّغ. إنّ مَصعَد الفراغ الهوائي قادر على نقل الأشخاص بين طوابق بناية بدون إستعمال لأيّ أحبال، أو أوزان، أو بكرات. في البحث الحالي تَمّ تركيب وتنفيذ نموذج لمنظومة مَصعَد فراغي كهرو هوائي بسيط ومُنخفض الكُلفة. نموذج نظام المصعَد يتألف من ثلاثة طوابق ويَرفع حُمولة 6 كيلوغرام. تَمّ تَوظيف المُسيطر المنطِقي القابل للبرمجة (PLC)، من سلسلة (LS\GLOFA-G7M-DR30U) ذو (16) مَدخل و(12) مَخرج ومُبرمج ببرامج المُخطط السُلمّي (Ladder)، للسيطرة المُؤتّمَتة الكامِلة على مَنظُومة المَصعَد. مِن المتوقع أن تَنتَشر فِكرة نِظام المَصعَد المُقترح على نحو واسع في البنايات السَكّنية الواطِئة.Pneumatic vacuum elevator (PVE) has become a popular choice for our homes and low-rise buildings in recent years. The Pneumatic vacuum elevator represents a new concept evolved from the idea of pressed air applied in the pneumatic elevator replaced by a vacuum air idea. The pneumatic vacuum elevator is able to transport people between building floors without using any cables, counterweight, or pulleys. A simple and low cost construction and implementation for an Electro-pneumatic vacuum elevator system prototype is presented in this paper. The elevator system prototype is constructed with three floors to elevate a maximum load of 6kg. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) of (LS\GLOFA-G7M-DR30U) series with (16) inputs and (12) outputs programmed with Ladder diagram software is used for the fully automated the elevator system. The idea of the proposed elevator system may be predicted to be widely spread in the low-rise residential buildings

The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background In estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact. Comprehensive estimates of the global cancer burden in adolescents and young adults (aged 15-39 years) are lacking. To address this gap, we analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, with a focus on the outcome of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), to inform global cancer control measures in adolescents and young adults. Methods Using the GBD 2019 methodology, international mortality data were collected from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and population-based cancer registry inputs modelled with mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Incidence was computed with mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated using modelled survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated as age-specific cancer deaths multiplied by the standard life expectancy at the age of death. The main outcome was DALYs (the sum of YLLs and YLDs). Estimates were presented globally and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles (countries ranked and divided into five equal SDI groups), and all estimates were presented with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). For this analysis, we used the age range of 15-39 years to define adolescents and young adults. Findings There were 1.19 million (95% UI 1.11-1.28) incident cancer cases and 396 000 (370 000-425 000) deaths due to cancer among people aged 15-39 years worldwide in 2019. The highest age-standardised incidence rates occurred in high SDI (59.6 [54.5-65.7] per 100 000 person-years) and high-middle SDI countries (53.2 [48.8-57.9] per 100 000 person-years), while the highest age-standardised mortality rates were in low-middle SDI (14.2 [12.9-15.6] per 100 000 person-years) and middle SDI (13.6 [12.6-14.8] per 100 000 person-years) countries. In 2019, adolescent and young adult cancers contributed 23.5 million (21.9-25.2) DALYs to the global burden of disease, of which 2.7% (1.9-3.6) came from YLDs and 97.3% (96.4-98.1) from YLLs. Cancer was the fourth leading cause of death and tenth leading cause of DALYs in adolescents and young adults globally. Interpretation Adolescent and young adult cancers contributed substantially to the overall adolescent and young adult disease burden globally in 2019. These results provide new insights into the distribution and magnitude of the adolescent and young adult cancer burden around the world. With notable differences observed across SDI settings, these estimates can inform global and country-level cancer control efforts. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe

New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.

Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms

قیاس تراکیز الیورانیوم فی نماذج ترب بعض العیون الکبریتیةباستخدام کاشف الأثر النووی CR-39

A concentration of uranium was measured in this study for seventeen samples of soil distributed in three Sulphuric Spring addition other regions as a back ground on the Hit City in AL-Anbar Governorate. The uranium concentrations in soil samples measured by using fission tracks registration in (CR-39) track detector that caused by the bombardment of Uranium nuclei (U) with thermal neutrons from (241 Am-Be) neutron source that has flux of (5 ×103 n cm-2 s-1). The concentrations values were calculated by a comparison with standard samples. The results shows that the uranium concentrations in first spring varies from (1.564- 2.253 ppm), second sprin (1.797-1.979 ppm), while in third spring are (1.964-2.518 ppm), and the average uranium concentration in other regions (1.572ppm). The conclusionshows that the uranium concentration in Sulphuric Spring is relatively higher than back ground

Non-Linear Finite Element Analysis of Prestressed Concrete Members Under Torsion

       This paper is devoted to investigate the behavior of prestressed concrete beams under pure torsion using a non-linear three-dimensional finite element model. The 20-noded isoparametric brick elements have been used to model the concrete. The reinforcing bars are idealized as axial members embedded within the concrete element and perfect bond between the concrete and the reinforcement has been assumed to occur.            The behavior of concrete in compression is simulated by an elasto-plastic work hardening model followed by a perfect plastic response, which is terminated at the onset of crushing. On the other hand the behavior in tension is simulated by implementing a smeared crack model in connection with using a tension-stiffening model that account for the retained post-cracking stresses, and a shear retention model that modifies the shear modulus of rigidity as the crack widens. Also a model to simulate the reduction in the concrete compressive strength in presence of tensile transverse straining has been implemented in this study. Two types of prestressed concrete beams under torsion have been analyzed and the finite element solutions were compared with the experimental data. Several parametric studies have been carried out  to investigate the effect some important material parameters. In general, good agreement between the finite element solutions and the experimental results was obtained

Contactless Blood Pressure Estimation System Using a Computer Vision System

Blood pressure (BP) is one of the most common vital signs related to cardiovascular diseases. BP is traditionally measured by mercury, aneroid, or digital sphygmomanometers; however, these approaches are restrictive, inconvenient, and need a pressure cuff to be attached directly to the patient. Therefore, it is clinically important to develop an innovative system that can accurately measure BP without the need for any direct physical contact with the people. This work aims to create a new computer vision system that remotely measures BP using a digital camera without a pressure cuff. The proposed BP system extracts the optical properties of photoplethysmographic signals in two regions in the forehead captured by a digital camera and calculates BP based on specific formulas. The experiments were performed on 25 human participants with different skin tones and repeated at different times under ambient light conditions. Compared to the systolic/diastolic BP readings obtained from a commercial digital sphygmomanometer, the proposed BP system achieves an accuracy of 94.6% with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 9.2 mmHg for systolic BP readings and an accuracy of 95.4% with an RMSE of 7.6 mmHg for diastolic BP readings. Thus, the proposed BP system has the potential of being a promising tool in the upcoming generation of BP monitoring systems

Contactless Blood Pressure Estimation System Using a Computer Vision System

Blood pressure (BP) is one of the most common vital signs related to cardiovascular diseases. BP is traditionally measured by mercury, aneroid, or digital sphygmomanometers; however, these approaches are restrictive, inconvenient, and need a pressure cuff to be attached directly to the patient. Therefore, it is clinically important to develop an innovative system that can accurately measure BP without the need for any direct physical contact with the people. This work aims to create a new computer vision system that remotely measures BP using a digital camera without a pressure cuff. The proposed BP system extracts the optical properties of photoplethysmographic signals in two regions in the forehead captured by a digital camera and calculates BP based on specific formulas. The experiments were performed on 25 human participants with different skin tones and repeated at different times under ambient light conditions. Compared to the systolic/diastolic BP readings obtained from a commercial digital sphygmomanometer, the proposed BP system achieves an accuracy of 94.6% with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 9.2 mmHg for systolic BP readings and an accuracy of 95.4% with an RMSE of 7.6 mmHg for diastolic BP readings. Thus, the proposed BP system has the potential of being a promising tool in the upcoming generation of BP monitoring systems

Primary Adrenal Leiomyosarcoma in an Arab Male: A Rare Case Report with Immunohistochemistry Study

Primary adrenal leiomyosarcoma is a rare form of adrenal mesenchymal tumors. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) together with histology takes a major role in determining the tumor type and predicting their biological behavior and differentiating them from adrenal cortical carcinoma. Appropriate radiological investigation is necessary to rule out metastatic disease from primary tumors elsewhere in the body. In this case, we report a primary leiomyosarcoma of the adrenal gland in a 61-year-old Bahraini male clinically presumed to be a renal neoplasm